Observations on plants and gardening from the Great Basin steppe in the American West.
If you get mired in something, click on the Penstemon barbatus 'Elfin Pink' image.
Jeffrey Hannas took this spectacular shot of the night sky over the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado. Here’s what he had to say about...
A beautiful sunrise Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park last October. Complete with a #rainbow over the canyon.
first time with watercolors.
actually painting was so intimidating that i kept postponing it and ended up just filling in the...
The Hawaiian Silversword: Another Warning on Climate Change
by Zach Fitzner
The Hawaiian silversword (Argyroxyphium...
A gorgeous view down river from above the Grotto in Zion National Park.
Photo: Tom Morris
Photos courtesy of ubcbotanicalgarden, Wikipedia, and Linda De Volder.
Lotus berthelotii aka Parot’s Beak, Coral Gem,...
An amazing photo of the Absaroka Mountains in northwest Wyoming is provided by Gretchen Hurley, a geologist in the Cody Field Office, BLM-Wyoming.
The Milky Way rises over Long’s Peak (14,259 feet) as seen from 9,600 feet up Trail Ridge Road in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Photo: Pat...
Sagano Bamboo Forest, Japan
This stunning bamboo forest is located in the Arashiyama district on the...
Spring is here and the flowers are in full bloom at one of Oregon’s natural gems.
Located on the western edge of Eugene, Oregon, the West Eugene...
19 posts tagged landscaping
The best use of Alberta spruce in the landscape: ad hoc Christmas tree. At least in theory. We had to remove it to make way for the Great Abies lasiocarpa move, so we decided to put it to a noble use. I pruned out the dead interior branches as much as I could and shop-vacuumed the tree for about 90 minutes to make it worthy of coming inside. Unfortunately, most of the growth of the tree was on one side, so it kept tipping over towards the piano and the white couch. So, I ended up using it to make the wreath and some garlands for the front porch, and the top half of the tree is sort of serving as an outdoor Christmas tree.
There comes a point with all major do-it-yourself landscaping projects when one must pause and think “Am I insane?” I have to wonder at times.
Moving the Abies lasiocarpa to a new spot is a well thought out notion. But—but!—it was uniquely placed in the shadiest part of the yard, and we’re looking to move it to a new spot that gets more sun and it may get too hot for it there. That worries me. Quite a bit, actually. To allay these anxieties, or to avoid thinking about them, I’ve decided my current justification for the move is as an opportunity to ditch the deck.
I did not respect the deck. It was ugly. It was square. It had nails coming up and it was splintering dangerously. A day never went by when I expected a kid to come in screaming and bloody with a wood chunk in his toe or a ragged tear in her foot. No love is lost on the deck.

At first, we were only partly committed to the deck’s removal. We were planning to leave the metal footings in place for the winter with a bucket placed over them for safety. It was an evasive solution. But after getting into the demolition something clicked. We’re now in whole hog and we’re probably going to expand the flagstone patio project.
There are some strikes against this plan, of course. Any patio would be torn up when and if we remodel. A patio that large is borderline over-scaled and I’d have to buy more stone. And, could I manage the installation? The area we’re covering is huge!
Yet, this could be my big, fat stamp on the yard; my vision, not some scrappy hand-me-down DIY from the previous owners. I already suggested to the hubby that we salvage the decking material and create some raised beds and he seems oddly okay with the suggestion. Maybe it’s a sign.
I’m still not sure how to lay things out. I hadn’t anticipated this, so I don’t have any plans drawn up in my head. I’ve got the winter, though, so something more definite may materialize by spring.
I’ve been noting some beautiful fall color groupings in other people’s gardens. Take this garden in my neighborhood. Not only do they get the trophy for most arresting color combination (I braked and got out of the car), they also win the trophy for the most interesting yard ornament in the mining cart behind the bush in the foreground. I love western yard art, although, not wagon wheels. I draw the line there.
I find it fascinating that the tall maple with the intriguing color variations is so beautiful in the fall yet so ugly in the summer. I think it is a cross between a regular Norway Maple and a Crimson King as its leaves in summer are a muddy green. It sure makes up for its failings with its fall color, though. I guess this tree is just a late bloomer, like Anthony Michael Hall.
Planning for fall color isn’t that difficult, but I doubt that the average person actively plans for fall color effects in their garden. Most winning combinations seem to be happy accidents and occur in gardens that rely more upon shrubs and trees for structure rather than flower borders. Since plant foliage color is extremely variable from year to year and from plant to plant, I figure the best way to achieve stunning arrangements of fall color is to approach things statistically; if you have a bunch of trees and shrubs grouped together throughout your garden, one of these groups will probably end up giving you some solid color displays come fall. This is a much safer bet than trying to plan, depending on the plant to turn a certain color. You can be pleasantly surprised rather than have your carefully arranged plans backfire. Sometimes, it’s better to be an occasionally surprised pessimist than a chronically disappointed optimist.
Wow. The shorter days are getting to me.
We had to attend a family wedding in San Diego this last weekend. Not willing to pull my mind from my fall garden, I focused on my plan for a lawn substitute for the front yard, trying to study the native steppe matrix as it whipped by at 80 miles an hour out the window (yes, that is the actual speed limit). I tried to take in as much as I could given my experience with California didn’t promise much for inspiration.
I usually visit the High Sierra Desert, the lower Central Valley, and L.A., mostly oppressive wastes of concrete, heat, traffic, and smog. Any sense of plant life that doesn’t have a plasticine sheen to it seems to have been paved over or been buried by mono-culture agribusiness. Where native Californian flora can be found, the landscape is again spare, and can only be seen as a homogenous blur of brown and desert green from the window of the car. Imperial County was a welcome change.
Like the many cities of coastal California, San Diego is something of a Disneyland of temperate-climate biomes: Australian outback, Louisianan bayou, and South African kopje and karoo meet the mountain rainforests of Hawaii, deserts of the high Sierra, and the golden coasts of Spain and France, and so on. It is a strange melange, like artifical plants arranged on a movie set for effect alone.

The hallmark palm trees of SoCal are still here, but in La Jolla they cannot match the ubiquity of the Eucalyptus trees. In the foggy weather, their smell is enveloping. It was like living inside a mentholated humidifier, which was welcome as it cleared up my head cold.
Though, there are plenty of native plants here to fascinate; the kelp along the beach held me and my children in particular thrall. We combed the shore, marveling at and tugging on the tough rubber rope-like kelp fronds stranded on the beach. We found remnants of a kelp float that must have been 10 inches in diameter with walls that were two-thirds of an inch thick. Its size and strength took us by surprise so much it took us a couple of minutes to discern whether it was in fact a kelp float or part of a rubber buoy.
Of all our plant encounters, I was most taken with the abundance of the South African plants, which are right at home among the highly sculptural native Agaves, Yuccas, Cacti and grasses. The San Diego Zoo uses them in their gardens and to great effect. I have to admit that while everyone else in my family was looking at the animals, I was more likely to be admiring the aloes as many were in bloom.

It is strange to encounter these temperate plants growing so plentifully in such a foreign environment. Brugmansias not constricted in pots but growing in the ground comfortably reaching heights of 15 or 20 feet, their branches heavy and full of their pungent, trumpeted flowers. Growing alongside them are Hibiscus bushes blossoming garishly, and next to them luxuriant Cycads, and tropical Scheffleras, orchids and ferns. As I kept encountering plants I couldn’t identify, this world of plastic plants became less fake and grew more intoxicating, a Wonderland as discomforting as it is enchanting.
I can’t help but feel sorry for those trying to rid California of all of these “invaisives.” With such huge a huge palette of stunning and intriguing plants from all over the warm parts of the world, they have a hard fight ahead of them. 
How do natives have a chance when the flamingos are real?
The coastal fog, unusual for this time of year, clung to us until Barstow and the high Sierra. As we drove up into Utah we were met with rain and that shrub-steppe that held my attention for hundreds of miles on the way there seemed very grey and very drab on the way back. Back through the drizzle, even those inland wastes and L.A. had taken on a new luster. I kept thinking of what I would write about this trip and I kept thinking of the line from the movie L.A. Story —
He says if the sprinklers stopped, you’d have a desert.
But I think…I don’t know. It’s not what I expected.
It’s where they’ve taken the desert and turned it into their dreams.
The south border summer perennial performance was a disappointment. The new border by the fence in the back was a disappointment. The anorexic strip on the north of the playhouse has always been a disappointment and now it’s getting on my nerves as has the strip of grass to the north of the driveway that is slowly being taken over by crabgrass and bindweed. With the new lines cut for the patio, I resolved to start an outdoor renovation of these areas.
Despite not having money to spend, I went to the nursery and bought several shrubs that have been on my “to get” list and I’ve been cutting out strips of sod right and left. I’ve run out of my pine needle mulch, so I’m waiting for some leaf fall to cover the bare ground for the winter.
I also got my Sequim order with two new Kniphofias, ‘Yellow Cheer’ and ‘Timothy.’ I’m especially thrilled about ‘Timothy’ as it sends up salmon-pink flowers on burgundy stalks. It’s almost impossible to find in the U.S. Sequim just barely got it in and only let me have some of their nursery stock after I begged them for it.

I’ve ordered Dierama pulcherrimum ‘Cosmos’ from Chocolate Flower Farm, so I’m officially experiencing zonal denail. But it is calling to me loudly.


Penstemon ‘Raven’ (Sidwell) on left.
A likely parent, Penstemon whippleanus, on the right.
The desire for almost black flowers is also inspiring plant lust for Penstemon ‘Raven.’ It is a hybrid fatty; I suspect it gets its coloring from a cross with P. whippelanus, which I also want to get. As a burgeoning collector of Penstemons, my mind is telling me to go with the species, but my eyes keep turning back to the big throated hybrid. I’m sure I’ll end up with both.
And I just got word that the Odyssey bulb order is on its way. Just in time.
Is the summer over already? Technically, it’s not over until the equinox, but I always counted September as the beginning of the slow slide into winter. I love autumn, so it’s a welcome change.
Normally, it’s my favorite time of year in the garden, but I’m put out a bit this fall. Some areas are just not working and the garden is mired in an awkward youth of braces and bad perms. It doesn’t help that I’m in a holding pattern on the back patio area and will remain there until the subalpine fir is moved. And that move just means a lot more change and retooling. That, and losing a couple of cherished plants is making me consider starting fresh in a lot of areas.
One idea that keeps tugging at me is gardening by biomes. It began with the thought of creating a montane garden in the backyard. I love the mountains here and I’m bending over backwards to introduce all types of firs and spruces and mountain understory plants. The big trees back there cool it down considerably, and I can’t cut back on regular irrigation since I need to keep them alive, so why not go for the cooler mountain plants? Forget the European traditions and the eastern north American plant cabal, and go native! This thought leads me into the notion of creating a huge planting area in the front dedicated to the Great Basin shrub-steppe, which incidentally is an ideal environment for Penstemons. I’m really liking the shrub-steppe idea because I would put it in a trouble area and it would resolve a lot of plants v. soil issues.
I have to be careful and not be too literal here. Despite my shady microclimate in back, many plants in a montane or alpine biome can’t tolerate the heat at these lower elevations. Also, I can’t grow some species evergreens because there isn’t room for them, so I’ll have to rely upon hybrids or look-alikes. And, I find exclusively all native gardens to be a bit elitist, so I’m going to stick a few foreigners that work and play well in the theme and rely upon some key natives for it all to ring true. Maybe this is just an excuse for me to get outside and hike around this fall.
The biggest obstacle in all of this is of course, money, but we’ll have to see how we can stretch the budget.
In the meantime, the south borders aren’t going anywhere, so I’m going to have to make room for the new plants I’ve ordered. It looks like we’re losing the deck, too, so maybe I could expand the bed that falls between it and the vegetable/espalier beds.
The plant wishlist for fall includes Clematis, grasses, a couple of rare Kniphofias; some thimbleberries and either Acer glabrum or grandidentatum; maybe some Agastaches. I need to get me a rabbitbush and Juniperus squamata ‘Holger’, too. And more, more, more Penstemons! I have to live up to my billing.
As a reminder, as with all MGRs, the pics for the month are in the prior photoset.
I’m a murderer!
The first victim of the patio project emerges: the Euonymous alatus—Burning Bush. R.I.P., August 2010.
I went away last week and noticed that some of the leaves were turning red around the base. I figured it was because fall was coming early, but no. They were death throws. Others called you a boring and overused suburban plant, but I loved this bush! It was never pruned, so it developed a beautiful structure and it was superbly placed in the garden by the previous owners. The structure of its tiered branches, the beauty of its small pinnate leaves, its blazing scarlet color in the fall…
The fire has gone out. You will be missed.
It’s all snowballing now. It began when the arborist came out to make an estimate for excavating the patio and I lamented the possible event of losing the Subalpine fir if we remodeled. He said, “We could move that by digging it up with the air-spade.” I’ve seen this done, but not on this scale. I began to excited by the possibility of saving my favorite tree and thought, “If we put down this patio and build around the tree, we’ll just have to dig it all up again in two years to move the tree then. Why not do it this winter?” And it’s set off a chain reaction of extreme landscaping.
Moving this tree—

will mean putting off the patio construction until next March, which means I’ll have a mud hole in the patio area all winter long. It may also require removing the deck! Yikes! I would love to ditch it completely and put some raised beds in there instead. The tree itself will have a 50/50 chance of surviving the move. All these things combined make it a tough sell with the hubbie. If the move happens, it will have to happen this December. I guess I’m getting a giant Christmas tree for a present this year.
As for where I’m going to move it to, I would love to stick the fir over next to the aspens next to the shade border. That requires tearing out this Alberta spruce—

The spruce is beginning to revert, so I was meaning to get rid of the it eventually, just not so soon. It’s still hot, so I’ll wait until September or October to dig it out. Do you know how messy it is to remove an Alberta spruce?
I’ll also have to transplant all the plants near it so they can be out of the way for the fir transplant. But I only planted these a couple of months ago!—

I’d just have to overwinter all of it in the veg garden. And they were doing so well! Even more, I’m not sure if I’ll want to move some of them back when the Subalpine Fir is there. I’ll have to take the winter to think about this.
Remember in my first post about the patio about how this was going to be a thing? Not hyperbole. My mind is spinning with all the possibilities. You don’t normally think of mature trees as being transplantable like a border perennial. If this works, it will literally will open up whole new vistas. These are exciting times.
I’ve reached the point on this patio project where I’m going to call in outside help. I should have prepared for this from the beginning.
The patio are is located beneath the canopy of our large and healthy Silver Maple and Subalpine Fir. This area is ideal for a patio as it’s in the shade, next to the house and on close to level ground. The problem is all those roots…

I had my brother, brother-in-law, and my husband helping on the excavation, so I figure we could manage between the four of us. Almost as soon as we began digging, we ran into problems. At first, I felt no qualms about using the pickaxe and the loppers to deal with the occasional root, but the the roots began to interweave and soon we encountered a solid web of roots just under the surface. Three men in their prime were completely exhausted after 3 hours of trying to dig out this root mat. The amount of roots we were poised to take out were uncomfortably close to the maple’s trunk and the fir’s drip line and it convinced me to bag it. Shovels and pickaxes weren’t the answer; we needed an air-spade.
Basically, an air-spade is a high-pressure air gun that blasts the dirt off of a tree’s roots. They are great in these situations where the conventional approach of digging with shovels and pickaxes results in trenching your tree, or there are underground utilities preventing you from even being able to dig. It is much less stressful on the tree and the person. So I began making calls. After looking around, I discovered only one arborist in the area that had an available air-spade and he was 50 miles away. I’m hoping that we can blast the dirt off the root mat and fill the space back in with our gravelly base material. I’m betting the roots will grow back down into the soil under the base material instead of into it. The downside is that this is an expense I didn’t plan on making, and I’ll have to live with a mud pit for two weeks. So much for cost-savings & distractions. But for the health of my trees, I’m going to have to eat the cost and wait a bit, because if we keep excavating with pickaxes and shovels, I’m afraid we are going to compromise their root systems.

Mid-summer is a difficult time for this gardening busy-body. I can’t do much planting, so I’m left with landscaping. I really wish I had the money to pay someone else to do it.
We’ve planned on remodeling our house in the next few years, provided our jobs and the bank permit. Part of that remodel would require us to demolish our crappy deck, which would leave our outside dining set homeless. We came up with a plan to install permeable paving against the house in the frustratingly dry shade bed under the silver maple. Like the whole remodeling idea, this was all just some hazy pipe dream, but then I saw a classified ad for a couple of tons of local petrified clay flag. The stone matched our masonry perfectly, and the stoneyard was moving so it was ridiculously low-priced. I couldn’t pass it up, so I guess we’re installing a flagstone patio over the next couple of weeks.
I’ve been reading up on DIY patio installation techniques, which are legion. You can’t heave a flagstone without it landing on someone’s instructions on how to build a patio. There’s even a timely article on installing your own patio in this month’s issue of Fine Gardening. I am a bit flummoxed as there is some debate on what constitutes good installation practice. Almost everyone says that you need to dig down 6 inches below grade and lay a 3–4 inch layer of a compacted base material with 1–2 inches of sand on top of that into which you will settle the stones. The great debate is on what to use for your base materials. Some insist that an all sand base is fine; some insist on a pure gravel or “road base” layer. Others say a mixture of sand and gravel is the way to go. I read one article from a landscaper in San Francisco who mixes sand, gravel, and a bit of organic material like topsoil and compost for a base layer. His claim is if you are going to be growing plants in between the flagstone, you need to supply a decent growing medium for the plants. The overall favorite is the gravel or “road base,” but the idea that plants need a better growing medium than crushed rock makes sense to me. You had me at compost.

There is also the question of what plants I’m going to shoehorn into the patio crevices. I don’t want to have big gaps planted out with overly-vigorous groundcovers; people would be always be tiptoeing around for fear of tearing up something. Still, I would like a couple of pockets for growing some interesting things. Also, as the patio area is in dry shade under a tree canopy, I’ll need to leave the irrigation lines and sprinkler heads in place which require plant camoflage. I was thinking about some of the shade tolerant Veronicas, but I’m afraid they will spread too much. Am I stuck with Irish Moss? Any suggestions people?
I’m already wary. This is going to be a thing.
My next door neighbor doesn’t really take care of his yard. Really, at this point, it’s more of an anti-garden. I don’t hold it against him; he’s had a lot of challenges in his life and he’s a nice guy. He also knows his yard is a bit scruffy and apologies about it. Life is too short to be tetchy.
I also know he is a quality individual because he admires my garden, and wishes he could have one like it. I’ve caught him stealing furtive peeks over the fence; he’s even shown it off to company he’s had on occasion. He once said, “Your yard is peaceful, and mine’s not. I wish my yard could be peaceful.” That wish whisked us along to tearing a good amount of overgrown shrubbery bordering our properties and giving me carte blanche to plant a water thrifty garden between our properties where it is flourishing. He even asked that we plant grasses! Yay! It’s been a huge change and people are very complimentary about the difference.
I often point this out when people conjecture that it must be hard for me to live next to an anti-garden that’s gone to seed. Honestly, I would rather live next to someone who is willing to trust me and go with it and let me do what I want rather than someone with a conventional idea of gardens, like my mother. (Sorry Mom!) It would be very orderly garden and no doubt would be filled with petunias and a lot of sheared water-thirsty shrubs that would require constant watering and fertilizing. A neighbor like that wouldn’t give me the kind of freedom this neighbor has. So, thank you neighbor!

Yesterday I had my arborist come out and do work on the old and battered giant-Chinese Elm in his backyard. There was a lot of breakage and we had a concern that rot may have gotten into the trunk, so I dipped into my garden budget and gave the the good folks from Artistic Tree Services a handful of cash and told them to check out the tree and clean it up. Fortunately, there’s no rot, but there’s a lot of felled branches now to haul away. My other neighbors say that I’m awfully generous to pay to have the tree pruned for him, but I point out that I would rather pay a bit now that a whole lot later if an overhanging branch fell on my shed or house.
I also take the urban forest view of things. I borrow the views from my neighbors; they don’t stop at the fence line. And, as pesky as the massive seed drop from the behemoth Elm is, I would be sad to see it go, so I’m happy to help look after it. Besides, if someone else loves a garden or tree, soon others may start appreciating them too and want to look after them, and paying instead of me for a change. Gardening is all about making things beautiful for everyone to enjoy, so why limit ourselves to the fenced in parts?
Wouldn’t you like me for a garden neighbor?
My own tribute to Cascade Springs; Kate at High Altitude Gardening made it over there a couple of days ago and put up a lovely post, which you can link to here. She mentioned there were Penstemon growing there, and it inspired me to go last Saturday.
I’ve never been much for backyard ponds; they seemed forced and are a pale comparison to natural springs such as these, which with their spontaneous outpouring of water are the most comparable natural analog. If you are going to imitate a riparian environment in your garden, you should first go and see some natural examples. I think Cascade’s terraces and pools lined with columbines and watercress are an excellent inspirational source.
I’ve always wanted to visit Dan Hinckley’s garden Windcliff. Thanks to The Next Generation Gardener, a video-toting plant geek, you and I can. If you click on the link, it will take you to his additional blog post.
I remember reading Hinckley saying the inspiration for this garden was the garden created in the movie Enchanted April; overlooking the sea, where a number of people could be throughout the garden, yet one could still feel a sense of solitude.
It’s a sequence of vids, but if you want the meat of the tour, skip to Garden tour 2–3. Be warned, you will miss the most metallic blue gunnera I’ve ever seen, though; here they are in order after the first, which I’ve posted:
2. Windcliff entry 2
3. Windcliff Garden tour 1
4. Windcliff Garden tour 2
5. Windcliff Garden tour 3
Now I really want to go.
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